Category: ABB

Certifications

CE conformity

The LS4000 and LS4060 gas analyzers satisfy the require

ments of the European directives 2006/95/EC Low voltage

directive, 2004/108/EC EMC directive and 94/9/EC ATEX directive.

Compliance with the requirements of directive 2006/95/EC is

evidenced by full compliance with European standard

EN 61010-1:2010.

Compliance with the requirements of directive 2004/108/EC

is evidenced by full compliance with European standards

EN 61326-1:2006. EN 61000-3-2:2006 + A1:2009 +A2:2009.

EN 61000-3-3: 2008.

Compliance of the explosion protected versions type LS4060

with the requirements of directive 94/9/EC is evidenced by full

compliance with the European standards listed in the

“Explosion protection to European standards – ATEX” section.

Remarks

– The analyzer performance characteristics have been

determined according to IEC 61207-1:2010 “Expression of

performance of gas analyzers– Part 1: General”. They are

based on nitrogen as the associated gas. Compliance with

these characteristics when measuring other gas mixtures

can only be assured if their composition is known.

– All specifications refer to an optical path length (OPL) of

1 meter, tested in ABB’s test and calibration jig. However,

application-dependent variations may occur. The specific

detection limit, minimum and maximum measurement range

for a specific application will depend on the gas conditions

(pressure, temperature and gas composition) and optical

path length. Minimum measurement range, maximum

pressure and maximum temperature cannot necessarily be

realized simultaneously under all conditions.

– The maximum pressure and maximum temperature given

are physical (spectroscopic) limits.

– Applications exceeding the above given spectroscopic

limitation might be possible on request.

Technical data

Sample components and measurement ranges

Sample component

O2

Min./max. measurement range

0–1/100 vol.%

Max. abs. pressure

2 bar (29 psi)

2 to 20 bar (29 to 290 psi) on request

Max. temperature

1500 °C (2732 °F)

Measurement range quantity

1 physical measurement range per sample component,

1 x transmission

Optical path lengths (OPL)

Standard optical path lengths

0.5 to 20 m. Other optical path lengths on request.

Introduction

Application and design

The LS4000 is an in situ cross-duct analyzer for measuring

gas component concentrations. It applies the highly selective

optical measuring principle of tunable diode laser (TDL) ab

sorption spectroscopy. The LS4000 is a stand-alone system

and is approved for use in hazardous areas according to

international standards.

The analyzer consists of a transmitter unit with a laser light

source and a receiver unit with a photodetector. Both units are

mounted opposite each other on the process pipe or stack

and are connected by a junction box.

Measurement principle – TDLAS

The LS4000 employs the optical measuring technique of

absorption spectroscopy, which utilizes the fact that a specific

gas absorbs specific light wavelengths.

The light beam is emitted from a tunable laser diode located in

the transmitter unit. The laser light passes through the process

gas and strikes the photodetector in the receiver unit. The

measured gas component present in the optical path absorbs

the laser light, attenuating the light received.

A sophisticated signal algorithm processes the amount of light

attenuation and calculates the gas concentration on the basis

of the Beer-Lambert law. The influence of temperature and

pressure variations is eliminated by dynamic automatic correction.

Measurement made easy

Highest precision under harshest conditions

High precision

– Lowest detection limits, highly accurate measurements

– Highly selective, virtually cross interference free

Suitable for harsh process conditions

– In-situ, direct measurement of hazardous gas streams

– For high pressure, high temperature applications

Fast and direct

– In-situ, no sample transport or conditioning

– Fast response

Safe, compact and easy

– Flameproof housing (Ex-d), no purging

– No nitrogen purging for oxygen measurement

– Compact and lightweight, insensitive to vibrations

– Ease of maintenance

How it works – measuring principle

The LS4000 employs the optical measuring technique of absorption spectroscopy, which utilizes the fact that a

specific gas absorbs specific light wavelengths.

The light beam is emitted from a tunable laser diode located in the transmitter unit.

The laser light passes through the process gas and strikes the photodetector in the receiver unit.

The measured gas component present in the optical path absorbs the laser light, attenuating the light received.

A sophisticated signal algorithm processes the amount of light attenuation and calculates the gas concentration

on the basis of the Beer-Lambert law.

The influence of temperature and pressure variations is eliminated by dynamic automatic correction.

Sample components and measurement ranges

The LS4000 laser analyzer has one physical measurement range per sample component.

O2 from 0…1 to 0…100 Vol%

Typical applications

− Process and safety monitoring

− Combustion control

− Control of flue gas abatement equipment (e.g. ammonia slip measurements)

− Emission monitoring

Typical industries served

− Chemical and petrochemical industry

− Power industry

− Iron and steel industry

International certifications

− ATEX Zone 1

− IECEx Zone 1

− CSA Class I, Division 1

The LS4000 is an in situ cross-duct analyzer for measuring gas component concentrations.

It applies the highly selective, optical measuring principle of tunable diode laser (TDL)

absorption spectroscopy.

The LS4000 is a stand-alone system and is approved for use in hazardous areas according

to international standards. The device consists of a transmitter unit with a laser light source and a receiver

unit with a photodetector. The two units are mounted opposite each other on the process pipe or stack

and are connected by a junction box.

Fast and direct

A sampling and conditioning system is unnecessary since the instrument is directly installed on the

process (in situ).

This results in a typical response time of 2 seconds, providing better loop control and faster detection of

critical conditions.

The in situ laser analyzer is ideally suited for process optimization and safety measurements.

Safe, compact and easy

− No purging for installations in hazardous areas – the analyzer includes flameproof housing (Ex-d) with

international certifications

− No nitrogen purging of the analyzer housing for O2 measurement

− Insensitive to vibrations through compact and lightweight design

− Ease of maintenance

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detector is designed to handle all kind of break detection.

With RGB-colour based detection it can detect different colours and then separate

wire/felt reflection easily from the paper.

Electronics located outside harsh environment

KB2 is very reliable even in a 100% humidity environment. While

the sensor head is exposed to high temperatures, the electronics

unit is mounted outside the machine hood using a fibre optic

cable. Fibre optics is available in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 meters.

The fibre optic cable is located inside the straight stainless

steel sensor head, which is 1.5 m long. Between the sensor

head and the display unit the fibre optic cable is located inside

the stainless steel flexible conduit. Purge air is lead trough the

conduit to keep the sensor head window open.

Easy to set up

KB2 unit’s large display and logical user interface allows easy

setup of the break detection by selecting the measurements

which give the highest signal difference. Break signal and

maintenance alarm are wired to the PLC or DCS. The 4–20 mA

current outputs for the signal levels are also available as an option.

Benefits

•• Non-contact optical sensor

•• Reliable in harsh environments

•• Air purge system

•• Not affected by dirt, steam or high temperatures

•• Fast break detection

•• Handles all paper and board grades and applications regardless of colours

•• Detects breaks even against a cylinder

•• Easy to setup

•• Large graphical display and logical user interface

•• Proven with hundreds of installations worldwide

KB2 Fibre-Optic Sheet Break Detection system is designed to

monitor sheet breaks in harsh environments. The non-contact

sensor is placed above or under the web to be monitored.

The system is proven with hundreds of installations around the

world, and set as a mill standard for many customers.

Thanks to the air purged system in the sensor head, keeping the

optics free from dirt, steam or high temperatures, KB2 is suitable

for installations in harsh environments or where the space is

limited. In addition to open-draw applications the breaks can be

detected against felt, wire, or even against a cylinder.

RGB Colour and IR measurement

KB2 has both, RGB or Infrared light sources to perform superiorly

with all paper and board grades and applications regardless

of colour. The RGB colour measurement can handle all

sheet, wire and felt colours providing reliable break detection.