Category: ABB

Dynamic inrush restraint for applications with downstream transformers

Inrush currents degrade power quality Static Transfer Switches (STSs) are essential

components in data center power system configurations. Mainly relying on transformers

primary side switching, these devices are the bridge between the power sources and the power

distribution units. This architecture offers many advantages to the customer in terms of smaller

footprint and lower costs; however, if not properly switched, high transient inrush in downstream

transformers will occur.

The inrush currents produced degrade the power quality of the preferred source, overload upstream

UPSs and trip protective circuit breakers. The inrush currents can also create intolerable forces in

the windings, which in turn reduce the lifecycle of power transformers as these currents can reach

the short circuit rated value and can last many cycles before they dissipate.

Real Time Flux Control™ for DIR With state of the art digital signal processors and a

newly developed algorithm, an innovative approach was created called Real Time Flux Control™ for

dynamic inrush restraint (DIR.) Using advanced Real Time Flux Control, SuperSwitch®4 can

dynamically monitor and adapt its transfer switching to account for any variation or condition

that may occur during an upstream outage. Real Time Flux Control enables out of phase transfer

times that are 25% faster and inrush currents that are 40% lower than previous generation systems.

By controlling inrush currents, the SuperSwitch®4 protects upstream and downstream infrastructure

from the harmful effects of excessive currents.

This technology is an intelligent proprietary method that makes no compromise to the voltage

output for mission critical applications by providing a performance that exceeds the CBEMA

and ITIC standards, regardless of phase drift between sources.

How does it work?

The STS constantly monitors the power quality of both sources taking into account the customer

specified thresholds. In addition, three transfer modes are available to customers to choose from:

A9. DIR always and DIR limited.

A9: this mode is a proprietary method that is to be used only when the phase difference between the

sources is less than a user defined phase angle.

The range of this setting is adjustable up to +/– 30 degrees, and is not recommended for larger phase

differences.

DIR always: this mode allows the SuperSwitch®4 to permanently transfer using the Real Time Flux

Control approach and should result in low inrush regardless of how far the two sources are out of

phase.

DIR limited: this mode is the recommended setting for the SuperSwitch®4. In this mode, a hybrid

approach of A9 and DIR is performed depending on the phase difference between the sources.

Most customers use the recommended setting of DIR limited because the STS will auto select when,

and if, the DIR function is needed depending on the phase difference as illustrated by Figure 1 below.

Primary switching architecture

Static Transfer Switches (STSs) are central components in data center power system

configurations. The typical system design incorporates two separate uninterruptible power

supplies (UPSs), Source 1 and Source 2 feeding the preferred and alternate sources of the STS.

These devices are the bridge between the power sources UPSs and the power

distribution units (PDUs) where a transformer is needed to typically switch the 480V

side (primary) to the 208V side (secondary). The primary side switching (480V) is the most common

and cost effective architecture to the customer in terms of smaller footprint and lower costs because

only one transformer is needed. The alternative architecture would be to switch the secondary

which would require each source to have its own fully rated transformer (208V).

The SuperSwitch®4 is the cornerstone of redundant power for a wide range of applications including

data centers, hospitals, semiconductor manufacturing and other installations where

continuous power is critical to a facility’s mission.

Engineered to protect critical loads in both commercial and industrial environments, these

switches can transfer power between any two sources of power, including any combination of

utility, UPS and generators.

Engineered to protect critical loads

The SuperSwitch®4 is the cornerstone of redundant power for a wide range of applications including

data centers, hospitals, semiconductor manufacturing and other installations where

continuous power is critical to a facility’s mission.

Engineered to protect critical loads in both commercial and industrial environments, these

switches can transfer power between any two sources of power, including any combination of

utility, UPS and generators.

Data center: Mission critical facilities used to house computer, network, data storage,

telecommunications, and other vital systems that require constant power with no interruptions.

Hospitals: Health care institutions that require constant power with no interruptions to data and

records management.

Manufacturing/business operations:

Manufacturing and business operations that require constant power without interruptions due

to the critical nature of their vital IT functions.

Flexible system architecture ready: N+1. 2N, 2N+1. N+N, 3N/2. and catcher systems. ABB catcher system

configurations allow redundancy and reliability and improve total costs of ownership.

State of the art performance

•   Expands SuperSwitch technology with enhanced platform and features

•   10.4″ color TFT industrial use LED touchscreen GUI

•   25% faster transfer times

•   40% lower inrush limiting

•   Enhanced power quality detection

•   Field calibration support

•   USB port for software upgrades; data and event downloads

•   16 user configurable alarm relays

•   10 user inputs for communications control

•   Enhanced meters and trending

•   10 cycle waveshape captures of critical powerevents

•   Improved circuit redundancy

SuperSwitch® 4 redefines reliability

Forty years ago, Cyberex revolutionized power distribution with its invention of the digital static

transfer switch (STS). Since then, building on the innovation of ABB engineering and the technological

advancements and commissioning of the most extensive installed base of STSs worldwide,

the SuperSwitch®

4 has evolved. Designed with a ‘true’ fault-tolerant architecture, SuperSwitch®4 ensures

there is truly no single point of failure through the use of our patented transfer algorithms and robust

electrical components. With an increased MTBDE to an estimated 1.5 million hours, SuperSwitch®4

reliability is unmatched. SuperSwitch®4 redefines power reliability with its exceptional design,

serviceability and user-interface.

Reliability through design excellence

The Cyberex brand has been an industry leader in the design and development of mission critical

systems that ensure uptime and business continuity for customers across the globe. 

We recognize that every customer has unique electrical requirements and we work closely with them to

develop solutions that solve their most difficult challenges.

SuperSwitch®4 provides maximum reliability through its innovative design.

The modular components, from the power stage to the redundant bus architecture,

have been engineered to unprecedented standards.

The SuperSwitch®4 is available in select cabinet sizes that cater to your serviceability requirements.

Its standard ultra-dense design maximizes physical floor space. Front access is required for operation

and removal of serviceable components, while one side or rear access is required for installation and

tightening of customer connections. A full front access cabinet design is also available for complete

operation, maintenance, installation and IR scanning accessibility.

Fully rated hockey puck SCRs are employed to prevent system damage after load faults.

The superior cooling design of the assembly enables higher current applications.

Infrared scans are easily accomplished without removal of assembly.

Connections and maintenance are made easier by staggered phase connections and ample gutter

space. 100% of connections are torqued ensuring maximum reliability.

VSuperSwitch® 4 redefines reliability

Forty years ago, Cyberex revolutionized power distribution with its invention of the digital static

transfer switch (STS). Since then, building on the innovation of ABB engineering and the technological

advancements and commissioning of the most extensive installed base of STSs worldwide,

the SuperSwitch®

4 has evolved. Designed with a ‘true’ fault-tolerant architecture, SuperSwitch®4 ensures

there is truly no single point of failure through the use of our patented transfer algorithms and robust

electrical components. With an increased MTBDE to an estimated 1.5 million hours, SuperSwitch®4

reliability is unmatched. SuperSwitch®4 redefines power reliability with its exceptional design,

serviceability and user-interface.

State of the art performance

•   Expands SuperSwitch technology with enhanced platform and features

•   10.4″ color TFT industrial use LED touchscreen GUI

•   25% faster transfer times

•   40% lower inrush limiting

•   Enhanced power quality detection

•   Field calibration support

•   USB port for software upgrades; data and event downloads

•   16 user configurable alarm relays

•   10 user inputs for communications control

•   Enhanced meters and trending

•   10 cycle waveshape captures of critical powerevents

•   Improved circuit redundancy

Current protection

Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50)

The instantaneous three phase overcurrent function has a low transient overreach and short tripping

time to allow use as a high set short-circuit protection function, with the reach limited to less than

typical eighty percent of the power line at minimum source impedance.

Four step phase overcurrent protection (POCM, 51_67)

The four step phase overcurrent function has an inverse or definite time delay independent for each

step separately.

The single input overcurrent function has a low transient overreach and short tripping times to

allow use as a high set short circuit protection function, with the reach limited to less than typical

eighty percent of the power line at minimum source impedance. The function can be configured

to measure the residual current from the three phase current inputs or the current from a separate

current input.

Four step residual overcurrent protection (PEFM, 51N/67N)

The four step single input overcurrent function has an inverse or definite time delay independent for

each step separately.

All IEC and ANSI time delayed characteristics are available together with an optional user

defined characteristic.

Functionality

Differential protection

High impedance differential protection(PDIF, 87)

The high impedance differential protection can be used when the involved CT cores have same turn

ratio and similar magnetizing characteristic. It utilizes an external summation of the phases and neu

tral current and a series resistor and a voltage dependent resistor externally to the relay.

The function can be set to be directional or non-directional independently for each of the steps.

Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50N)

The single input overcurrent function has a low transient overreach and short tripping times to

allow use as a high set short circuit protection function, with the reach limited to less than typical

eighty percent of the power line at minimum source impedance. The function can be configured

to measure the residual current from the three phase current inputs or the current from a separate

current input.

Four step residual overcurrent protection (PEFM, 51N/67N)

The four step single input overcurrent function has an inverse or definite time delay independent for

each step separately.

All IEC and ANSI time delayed characteristics are available together with an optional user

defined characteristic.

A number of protection functions are available for flexibility in use for different station types and

busbar arrangements. The auto-reclose for single-, two-, and/or three-phase reclose includes priority

circuits for multi-breaker arrangements. It co-oper ates with the synchrocheck function with quick or

delayed reclosing. Several breaker failure functions are included to provide a breaker failure

function independent from the protection IEDs,also for a complete one- and a half breaker diameter.

High set instantaneous phase and earth overcur rent, 4 step directional or un-directional delayed

phase and earth overcurrent, thermal overload and two step under and overvoltage functions are

examples of the available functions allowing user to fulfill any application requirement.

Disturbance recording and fault locator are avail able to allow independent post-fault analysis after

primary disturbances with a single failure in the protection system.

6 x 32 dual directional channels for intertrip and binary signals transfer is available in the commu

nication between selected IEDs inside the station or in a near-by station.

The advanced logic capability, where the user logic is prepared with a graphical tool, allows spe

cial applications such as automatic opening of disconnectors in multi-breaker arrangements, closing

of breaker rings, load transfer logics etc. The graphical configuration tool ensures simple and

fast testing and commissioning.