Features and Functions

Large bore engines using dilute gas fuel mixtures typically experience slower fuel burn rates and incomplete combustion.

These conditions reduce combustion efficiency and result in problematic exhaust emissions.

Typical J-gap spark plugs attempt to address these performance issues by increasing spark energy, which can shorten spark plug life.

To counteract the shortened spark plug life, J-gap manufacturers often increase the electrode area, which can have a detrimental effect on the ignition spark.

This has a “quenching” effect on the ignition spark, which increases combustion variability;

Or they use precious metals, which increase manufacturing complexity and reduce plug durability.

FTI’s unique, patented design provides consistent ignition without the need for a high-energy ignition system, reducing the need for precious metal electrodes for long life.

It can also be customised to meet specific engine combustion requirements.

FTI Advantages.

Fast, consistent fuel combustion

Improved engine efficiency

Reduced exhaust emissions

No hot running and good detonation margins

Longer life

Customisable design

Objectives achieved: Improved engine efficiencyContinuous fuel ignition – More complete fuel combustionFaster combustion – Just in Time Departure Point (ATDC) for improved combustion efficiencyImproved combustion stability

j-gap with FIT.

FTI’s patented pre-combustion chamber combustion technology improves combustion start-up with J-gap and conventional pre-combustion chamber spark plugs.

J-gap1 Typical J-gap spark plugs have a spherical flame front that burns slowly as it passes through the combustion chamber. This type of flame front is susceptible to high turbulence in the combustion chamber, which can quench or even blow out the spark, again increasing ignition variability. In addition, smaller spark surfaces corrode more quickly, shortening the life of the spark plug.

FTI addresses these issues by using a separate flame core for ignition. The multi-jet flame front from the FTI igniter creates its own combustion chamber turbulence. This self-generated turbulence adds to existing chamber turbulence while being highly resistant to other chamber turbulence that promotes rapid flame growth throughout the fuel mixture.

APPLICATIONS

The 2301E-HT for Francis Turbines is a standard off-the-shelf control system designed to control small Francis turbines.

This turbine controller contains specially designed algorithms and logic to start, stop, control, and protect the turbine.

With two serial communication ports, users can easily connect the 2301E-HT to a plant or process control system.

The controller’s inputs, outputs and status can be monitored and all start/stop or enable/disable commands can be issued via industry standard Modbus® RTU.

The controller can be configured in the field using Control Assistant software installed on an external PC.

Description

The control is housed in a sheet metal enclosure for general premises and consists of a single printed circuit board.

The 2301E-HT controller is designed for turbine control.

It includes three PID controllers (offline, online and load), startup routines and a variety of protection functions (overspeed, etc.) that can be configured by the user to meet the requirements of a specific turbine application.

The 2301E-HT can be configured by the user to use different PID controllers, start-up routines, discrete and analogue I/O functions without the need for a dedicated control engineer.

The 2301E-HT controls the speed and load of a Francis hydraulic turbine in a generator application with a single gate analogue output.

Features.

Field configurable optional start (auto/manual)/stop/unload routines

Liquid level control (pond or tailrace)

Creep detection

Local/remote control

Generator circuit breaker logic

Horizontal switching of speed, gate position and loads

Overspeed test logic

Speed/descent (power and position)/base load control

Remote analogue setpoints for speed, level and power

Selectable actuator outputs (4-20mA/0-200mA/0-20mA)

Dual speed inputs

Linknet hyperthreading extension function

Speed/load/gate switching

Brake Permit Logic

Gate Limit Values

Breaker open commands

Trips and alarms

Serial port communication (RS-232 or RS422)

System Protection:

Overspeed protection logic

Nondisturbance switching between control modes

Local/remote control priority

OVERVIEW

The 2301E-J is a microcomputer based digital controller for engine genset control with automatic load sharing.

The controller is designed to control medium to high speed diesel engines or medium to high speed gas engines.

Control speed range (for medium to high speed engines): 400-3600 rpm.

Similar in function to the 2301A LSSC, the 2301E-J is Woodward’s traditional analogue controller plus a DRU (Digital Reference Unit) with soft load/unload.

The 2301E-J also has the same features as the 2301D.

While the engine is operating, the 2301E-J can switch its operating mode from isochronous to sag and vice versa without buffering.

The 2301E-J can be switched to the 2301D by using the same function as the 2301 LSSC, the 2301A LSSC, the 2301D LSSC, and the 721DSC with Automatic Load Sharing,

723DSC with automatic load sharing, or other Woodward Electric controls with load sharing capability to operate in automatic load sharing mode.

In conjunction with an external inlet/outlet controller, the 2301E-J can control the inlet/outlet power to the mains (i.e., commercial bus) by simulating a remote speed setting signal (optional feature).

The 2301E-J can operate in isochronous mode, isochronous base load mode, kilowatt drop mode, normal speed drop mode, and mains parallel operation mode with GCP/EGCP.

In Isochronous operation mode, the 2301E-J can perform the following operations

– Parallel operation with multiple engine-generator sets connected to the bus via automatic load sharing functions (including soft load and soft unload).

– Base load operation in isochronous mode. (The load level can be preset or manually adjusted to the desired level using discrete or analogue inputs).

– Single engine generator operation. (Speed reference is manually adjusted to the desired level via discrete or analogue inputs).

In kW down operation, the 2301E-J can perform the following operations:

– Run in parallel with the mains. (Load level or speed reference preset or manually adjusted to the desired level via discrete or analogue inputs).

– Parallel operation with other engine generator sets. (Manual adjustment of the speed reference to the desired level via discrete or analogue inputs).

– Single engine genset operation. (Manual adjustment of the speed reference to the desired level via discrete or analogue inputs).

– In reduced speed operation, the 2301E-J can perform the following operations:

– Run in parallel with the power supply. (Manually adjust the load level or RPM reference to the desired level via the discrete inputs or analogue inputs).

– Operate in parallel with other engine generator sets. (Manually adjust the load level to the desired level via the discrete inputs or analogue inputs).

– Single engine genset operation. (Manually adjust the speed reference to the desired level via the discrete or analogue inputs).