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Woodward LS 4 Power Factor Definition

Power Factor Definition

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The phasor diagram is used from the generator’s view. This defines the following

definitions.

Power Factor is defined as a ratio of the real power to apparent power. In a purely

resistive circuit, the voltage and current waveforms are instep resulting in a ratio

or power factor of 1.00 (often referred to as unity). In an in ductive circuit the

current lags behind the voltage waveform resulting in usable power (real power)

and unusable power (reactive power). This results in a positive ratio or lagging

power factor (i.e. 0.85lagging). In a capacitive circuit the current waveform leads

the voltage waveform resulting in usable power (real power) and unusable power

(reactive power). This results in a negative ratio or a leading power factor (i.e.

0.85leading).

Woodward LS 4 Functional Description-Measuring Values

Functional Description

Introduction

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Measuring Values

• Voltage

Three-phase measurement of the rms values of the phase-to-neutral and

phase-to-phase voltages of two systems (system [A] and [B]; system [B]

only phase-to-phase). This unit can be delivered with the following measuring

voltage ranges (rated values). Selection of type during ordering: 

– 66/115 Vac – 230/400 Vac

• Frequency

Time measurement from the digitally filtered measuring voltages. The

measurement of the frequency is three phased if all voltages are greater

than 15 % of the rated value (100 Vac or 400 Vac). This guarantees a fast

and precise measurement of the frequency. However the frequency is still

measured correctly even if voltage is only applied to one phase.

• Current

Three-phase rms values.

• Real power

Single-phase measuring calculated from apparent power and power factor

cosphi (power factor).

• Re-active power

Single-phase measurement calculated from apparent power and power factor

sinphi.

• Power factor cosphi

Time measurement between the filtered measuring values of the voltage VL12

and the conductor current IL1.

Woodward Electrostatic Discharge Awareness

Electrostatic Discharge Awareness

All electronic equipment is static-sensitive, some components more than

others. To protect these components from static damage, you must take

special precautions to minimize or eliminate electrostatic discharges.

Follow these precautions when working with or near the control.

1.) Before doing maintenance on the electronic control, discharge the

static electricity on your body to ground by touching and holding a

grounded metal object (pipes, cabinets, equipment, etc.).

2.) Avoid the build-up of static electricity on your body by not wearing

clothing made of synthetic materials.

Wear cotton or cotton-blend materials as much as possible because these

do not store static electric charges as easily as synthetics.

3.) Keep plastic, vinyl, and Styrofoam materials (such as plastic or

Styrofoam cups, cigarette packages, cello phane wrappers, vinyl books or 

folders, plastic bottles, etc.) away from the control, modules, and work

area as much as possible.

4.) Opening the control cover may void the unit warranty.

Do not remove the printed circuit board (PCB) from the control cabinet

unless absolutely necessary. If you must remove the PCB from the control

cabinet, follow these precautions:

• Ensure that the device is completely voltage-free (all connectors have to

be disconnected).

• Do not touch any part of the PCB except the edges.

• Do not touch the electrical conductors, connectors, or components with

conductive devices or with bare hands.

• When replacing a PCB, keep the new PCB in the plastic antistatic protective

bag it comes in until you are ready to install it. Immediately after removing

the old PCB from the control cabinet, place it in the antistatic protective bag.

Woodward The LS 4 is an intelligent synchronizer and protection device

The LS 4 is an intelligent synchronizer and protection device capable of

measuring voltage and current though integrated measuring inputs.

It can calculate set point values using internal software routines (i.e.

for synchronization) and can transfer these set point values to a lower

level GCP control unit using the integrated CAN bus (Guidance Level). 

The LS 4 is also capable of closing the connected breaker at the

synchronous point. Additionally the measured/calculated values may

be monitored for exceeding/falling below a predefined set point result

ing in an automatic opening of the connected circuit breaker.

Key Topics Covered in the Honeywell TDC 3000 Training Manual

Key Topics Covered in the Honeywell TDC 3000 Training Manual

System Architecture

Understanding the core architecture of the TDC 3000 is fundamental. This section details:

• The hardware modules such as Processor Modules, I/O Modules, and Power Supplies

• Network topology including Ethernet, LAN, and serial communication links

• The role of the Control Bus and Data Highway

Hardware Components

In-depth review of:

• Controller units and their functions

• Input/Output modules for analog and digital signals

• Operator stations and their interfaces

• Redundancy modules to ensure high availability

Safety and Best Practices

Ensures safe operation:

• Lockout/tagout procedures

• Emergency shutdown protocols

• Compliance with industry standards

Honeywell TDC 3000 Software Configuration

Software Configuration

Step-by-step instructions on:

• Installing and licensing software

• Configuring process control strategies

• Setting up alarms and events

• Customizing operator interface displays

Operational Procedures

Guidance on daily operational tasks:

• Monitoring system status

• Managing alarms and alerts

• Adjusting control parameters

• Performing system backups

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Includes:

• Diagnostic tools and logs

• Common fault scenarios and solutions

• Hardware replacement procedures

• System calibration and testing

Honeywell TDC 3000X Functional Description

Functional Description

Functional Overview

Note: This Specification and Technical Data sheet covers the

Advanced Process Manager only.

For information about APM Input/Output Processors, which

are common to the PM/APM/HPM controller family, please refer

to IO03-500. Process Manager I/O Specification and Technical

Data.

The Advanced Process Manager is designed to provide flexible and

powerful process scanning and control capabilities. To do this, it

uses advanced multi-processor architecture with separate

microprocessors dedicated to perform specific tasks. As depicted in

Figure 3. the APM consists of the Advanced Process Manager Module

(APMM) and the I/O Subsystem.

The Advanced Process Manager Module consists of an Advanced 

Communication Processor and modem, Advanced I/O Link Interface

Processor, and Advanced Control Processor. A redundant APMM can

be optionally provided. The Advanced Communication Processor is

optimized to provide high-performance network communications,

handling such functions as network data access and peer-to-peer 

communications.

Honeywell Advanced I/O Link Interface Processor is the APMM interface to its I/O subsystem

It also supports high-accuracy time stamps.

The Advanced Control Processor is the APM resource dedicated to

executing regulatory, logic, and sequence functions, including an

excellent user programming facility. Because communication and

I/O processing are performed by separate dedicated hardware,

the full power of the Advanced Control Processor can be applied

to control strategy implementation. 

The Advanced I/O Link Interface Processor is the APMM interface

to its I/O subsystem.

The I/O Subsystem consists of the redundant I/O Link and up to 40

redundant I/O Processors. These I/O Processors handle all field I/O

for both data acquisition and control functions. For example, the

I/O Processors provide such functions as engineering unit conversion

and alarm limit checking independent of the Advanced Process Manager

Module.

One IOP which illustrates the advanced capabilities of the APM I/O is

the Smart Transmitter Interface. The Smart Transmitter Interface

processor provides full bi directional communication to Honeywell

smart transmitters, supporting transmitter configuration and improved

data accuracy. This includes the recently introduced Multivariable

transmitter capability. All control operations are performed within the

Advanced Process Manager Module (optionally redundant), with all data

acquisition and signal conditioning being performed in I/O Processors.

For added control security, redundancy is available for several

analog and digital I/O processing devices.

The remote I/O option allows I/O Processors to be remote-mounted

up to 8 kilometers from the APM file. This option uses redundant fiber

optic I/O Link extenders.

The process engineer has complete flexibility of choice in the assignment

of point types and control strategies, within the maximum APMM design

limits.

These selections are implemented using the interactive tools provided

by both the TDC 3000X Universal Station and Universal Work Station.

Honeywell LCN time and UCN time are synchronized by the NIM

The UCN uses redundant coaxial cables and can support up to 32

redundant devices. The UCN supports peer-to-peer communication

between devices on this network. This feature enables sharing

information among HPMs, APMs, PMs, Safety Managers, and Logic

Managers on the network, thus offering tremendous power and

flexibility in implementing advanced, coordinated control strategies.

Network Interface Module The Network Interface Module (NIM)

provides the link between the Local Control Network and the 

Universal Control Network.

Accordingly, it makes the transition from the transmission technique

and protocol of the Local Control Network to the transmission

technique and protocol of the Universal Control Network. The NIM

provides LCN module access to data from UCN-resident devices.

It supports program and database loads to the Advanced Process

Manager and forwards alarms and messages from the network

devices to the LCN. The NIM is also available in a redundant

configuration to provide automatic, continued operation in the event

of a primary failure.

LCN time and UCN time are synchronized by the NIM. The NIM

broadcasts LCN time over the UCN. The APM (as well as the HPM)

uses it for a number of time driven functions, such as sequence

of events reporting.

Honeywell The APM is a fully integrated member of the TDC 3000X family

As shown in Figure 2. the APM is a fully integrated member of the

TDC 3000X family. Accordingly, it is capable of:

• Performing data acquisition and control functions, including

regulatory, logic, and sequential control functions, as well as

peer-to-peer communications with other Universal Control

Network-resident devices.

• Providing bi-directional communications to Modbus™ and

Allen-Bradley compatible subsystems through a serial interface.

• Fully communicating with operators and engineers at Universal

Stations, UXSs, and Universal Work Stations.

Procedures and displays are identical or similar to those used

with other TDC 3000X controllers, as well as to HPMand PM

point displays.

• Supporting higher level control strategies available on the Local

Control Network through the Application Module and host

computers.

• Using the same I/O and wiring as the PM and HPM, thus providing

cost-effective upward migration from existing PMs as well as the

capability to migrate to HPMs in the future.

Universal Control Network The communications channel for the

Advanced Process Manager is a local area network called the

Universal Control Network (UCN).

Introduced to TDC 3000X users in 1988. the UCN is the secure

path for process I/O connections to the TDC 3000X.

The UCN features a 5 megabit per second, carrier band communica

tion system with a token bus network. It is designed to be

compatible with IEEE* and ISO** standards.

consistent with the growth and direction of evolving international

standards, with appropriate Honeywell extensions for secure

process control applications.

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